Biology of Boccardia knoxi

(Relevant references with species biology information)

Handley, S.J (1995).
  Spionid polychaetes in Pacific Oysters, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg) from Admiralty Bay, Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand.. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 29: 305-309.
 Relevant content: Presence in Pacific oysters.

Handley, S.J. (1993).
  Mudworm infestations and oyster production. Aquaculture Update 8: 6-7.
 Relevant content: Identifies near transparent traces left in Crassostrea gigas in Admiralty bay by Boccardia knoxi as from external boring

Handley, S.J. (1998).
  Power to the oyster: Do spionid-induced shell blisters affect condition in subtidal oysters?. Journal of Shellfish Research 17: 1093-1099.
 Relevant content: Testing whether oyster shell blistering induced by Boccardia knoxi infestations affected the health of infested oysters.

Handley, S.J. (2000).
  Larval development of Boccardia knoxi, a shell-infesting spionid polychaete [short communication]. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 34: 681-687.
 Relevant content: Description of planktotrophic development.

Lleonart, M. (2000).
  Minimizing the risk of mud worm infection in farmed abalone. Australasian Abalone Aquaculture Conference, 27-30 August 2000, Dunedin, New Zealand : joint meeting of the NZ Abalone Farmers Association and the Australian Abalone Aquaculture Subprogram : .
 Relevant content: Boccardia knoxi settled [in Tasmania] September to November. The species (doubtfully) assumed to be blisterer.

Lleonart, M. , Handlinger, J.;Powell, M. (2003).
  Spionid mudworm infestation of farmed abalone (Haliotis spp.). Aquaculture 221: 85-96.
 Relevant content: Severe spionid infestations of farmed abalone (Haliotis spp.) were reported from several sea-based culture facilities [in Australia] during 1995-1997. Shell blister coverage was estimated at 30% and mortality rates of 50% or greater of total populations were recorded. Two spionid species: Boccardia knoxi Rainer and Polydora hoplura Claparede were present in blisters.

Lleonart, M. , Handlinger, J.;Powell, M. (2003).
  Treatment of spionid mud worm (Boccardia knoxi Rainer) infestation of cultured abalone. Aquaculture 217: 1-10.
 Relevant content: Efficacy of air-drying treatment.

Read, G.B. (1975).
  Systematics and biology of polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from Wellington Harbour. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 5: 395-419.
 Relevant content: Information on biology and reproduction.

Some biological information might be found in the Boccardia knoxi taxonomic literature.

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