| NIWA Guide to Polychaeta | Shore polychaetes | Pick shore family | Shell polychaetes |
Blake, J.A.;Kudenov, J.D. (1978).
The Spionidae (Polychaeta) from southeastern Australia and adjacent areas with a revision of the genera. Mem. Nat. Mus. Vic. 39: 171-280.
Relevant content: Polydora hoplura description.
Bull, M.F. (1976).
Aspects of the biology of the New Zealand scallop, Pecten novaezelandiae Reeve 1853, in the Marlborough Sounds. : 175.
Relevant content: p. 15-18 deals with associated animals. Shell boring by Polydora hoplura 'was found in approximately 15% of live scallops above 70 mm from North West and Forsyth Bays. Attack was usually restricted to the upper (left) valve.'
Handley, S.J (1995).
Spionid polychaetes in Pacific Oysters, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg) from Admiralty Bay, Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand.. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 29: 305-309.
Relevant content: Polydora hoplura recorded.
Handley, S.J. (2002).
Optimizing intertidal Pacific oyster [Crassostrea gigas] (Thunberg) culture, Houhora Harbour, northern New Zealand. Aquaculture Research 33: 1019-1030.
Relevant content: P. hoplura. Worm presence graded on 'larval new blisters' -see fig 3. Worms mostly a problem at 'front' seaward side of farm, regardless of actual height of oyster rack relative to tide.
Handley, S.J.;Bergquist, P.R. (1997).
Spionid polychaete infestations of intertidal Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg), Mahurangi harbour, northern New Zealand. Aquaculture 153: 191-205.
Relevant content: Includes P. hoplura amongst four species.
Korringa, P. (1951).
The shell of Ostrea edulis as a habitat. Observations on the epifauna of oysters living in the Oostershelde, Holland, with some notes on polychaete worms occurring there in other habitats.. Archives nèerlandaises de zoologie 10: 32-152..
Relevant content: Main comments on Polydora are on p91-101, where he has sections on Polydora ciliata and P. hoplura
Lleonart, M. , Handlinger, J.;Powell, M. (2003).
Spionid mudworm infestation of farmed abalone (Haliotis spp.). Aquaculture 221: 85-96.
Relevant content: Severe spionid infestations of farmed abalone (Haliotis spp.) were reported from several sea-based culture facilities [in Australia] during 1995-1997. Shell blister coverage was estimated at 30% and mortality rates of 50% or greater of total populations were recorded. Two spionid species:Boccardia knoxi Rainer and Polydora hoplura Claparede were present in blisters. Etc.
Nel, R. , Coetzee, P.S.;Van Niekerk, G. (1996).
The Evaluation Of Two Treatments To Reduce Mud Worm (Polydora hoplura Claparede) Infestation In Commercially Reared Oysters (Crassostrea gigas Thunberg). Aquaculture 141: 31-39.
Relevant content: Oysters infested with Polydora hoplura, obtained from a commercial oyster farm (Algoa Bay, South Africa), were (1) exposed to fresh water for 12 h and, (2) exposed to heated (70 degrees C) sea water for 40 s. Fresh water and heat treatments did not significantly increase oyster mortality. The infestation per oyster was significantly reduced by both treatments. Authors give no indication how they identified the worm as P. hoplura, and only indirectly indicate the worms caused blisters rather than burrows.
Wilson, D.P. (1928).
The larvae of Polydora ciliata Johnston and Polydora hoplura Claparede. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 15: 567-603.
Relevant content: Development of Polydora hoplura
Some biological information might be found in the Polydora hoplura taxonomic literature.
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